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課程名稱 |
都市設計
Urban Design |
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開課學期 |
107-2 |
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授課對象 |
工學院 建築與城鄉研究所 |
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授課教師 |
康旻杰 |
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課號 |
BP7140 |
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課程識別碼 |
544 M4380 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
3.0 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
選修 |
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上課時間 |
星期四7,8,9(14:20~17:20) |
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上課地點 |
公館104 |
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備註 |
限碩士班以上
總人數上限：25人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1072BP7140_UD |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
狹義的說，都市設計聚焦於都市形式的創造、改造、保育、與經營，關心的主體是都市的實質空間及生活環境；但真正使用都市空間、並由生活經驗累積都市意義的是人 ─ 變異性、差異性、流動性都極大的個人與社群。為了同時兼顧都市人的空間想像與需求及真實環境的營造課題，都市設計因而必須是一整合性的跨領域學問及一套可操作的工具。但現代城市究竟是缺乏設計或過度設計，或都市設計工具究竟是刺激想像或抹煞建築創意，仍存在著極大的爭議性。
現代城市對於都市設計的依賴並不止於勾劃城市未來整體風貌的遠景；更重要的，是當城市發展的過程中（尤其以資本主義社會為甚），私人開發的建築形式依循私人價值觀發揮，但最後形塑的視覺品質及空間經驗又無法抽離伴隨的公共意涵（如街道建築立面其實已超脫了私人產權範疇，而進入了公領域的視覺經驗），都市設計提供了一套機制來處理私人開發與公共空間的曖昧界面，並積極地介入實質空間生產的流程，以塑造理想的都市意象及風格，甚至改善都市人的生活品質。因此，都市設計必須同時關照過程與結果。
新形式的開創與設計經常被強調，但除了新市鎮開發及夷平式的都市更新外，大多數都市形式都依附在既有的空間脈絡及地域特色上；掌握都市的歷史人文涵構與自然環境特質，因而是都市設計過程中關鍵性的環節 ─ 特別在將歷史視為消費品、永續當作口號喊的後現代城市，如何處理保育、改造、活化、生態、經營管理等面向的複雜議題，且在執行層面找到使力的方向、落實的方法、及具有法源的行政機制，是都市設計作為一專業最具挑戰的部分。
因此，打造一個健康、多樣化、有活力、方便、尊重人性尺度、生態永續、有秩序、美麗、魅力、正義、豐富有趣、又具特色（自明性）的城市是一個都市設計理想，也可能只是一句都市設計目標的口號；除非，我們瞭解如何利用都市設計的工具。但若未深究都市性本質及都市範型之縱深，工具本身往往淪為形式操作的幫手，甚或成為反城市的幫兇。
尤應注意，現時的都市設計奠基於對歷史/環境脈絡的深刻瞭解及對未來遠景的投射，卻必須面對當下的環境課題，透過開放性的過程尋求可行的解決策略；在理論與實踐之間，由都市研究到都市生活的參與，仲介宏觀都市規劃與草根市民的都市想像。 |
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課程目標 |
本課程的目的不僅要探討由各種不同觀點提出的都市設計理論，還將藉由都市設計工具的操作及案例的分析，學習如何透過都市形式的干預推促都市意義的轉化，乃至現實層面各種管制與獎勵準則的擬定，及私部門開發與公部門管控間的必要折衝。課堂上另將安排市政府都市設計科的業務負責人、都市設計審議委員、及地區環境改造計劃的社區規劃師等參與演講與討論，辯證在社區參與及民意甚囂塵上的都市情境，都市設計究竟如何平衡由下而上的民主程序及專業設計的美學觀點；而都市設計與社區設計又如何在環境尺度的差異下，共同營造都市空間的生活美學。 |
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課程要求 |
1. 修課學生必須於課前閱讀指定之教材內容，並至少由一組人做成摘要報告，作為每堂課討論之引言。
2. 每星期的前兩堂課為演講及理論探討，第三堂課則針對案例與實務進行比較性分析（與該星期理論內容配合尤佳）。修課學生需挑選一都市設計（國內外皆可）或城鄉風貌案例為對象，針對其過程與結果提出分析或批評，除製作一powerpoint檔案外，並需完成一份該案例分析評論報告。
3. 參與至少一次台北市都市設計審議過程（課外時間另作安排），並對該過程進行評估。
4. 期中階段，需完成一份指定或選擇基地之「都市切片」(urban transect)分析，以作為下階段都市設計提案的準備。
5. 期末，每組請依課程中討論之理論內容，擬出指定基地之細部計劃與都市設計管制/獎勵/建議性準則，部分內容並須以圖解或模型示之。 |
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
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指定閱讀 |
請參考以下讀本內容 |
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參考書目 |
1. Discourses about urban design profession and education
Lynch, Kevin. 1990. City Design: What It Is and How It Might Be Taught, from City Sense and City Design. Ed. by Tridib Banerjee and Michael Southworth. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press.
Lynch, Kevin. 1990. Urban Design, from City Sense and City Design. Ed. by Tridib Banerjee and Michael Southworth. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press.
Moudon, Anne Vernez. 1992. A Catholic Approach to Organizing What Urban Designers Should Know, Journal of Planning Literature vol. 6(4), pp. 331-49.
Lozano, Eduardo E. 1990. Community Design and the Culture of Cities, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Chapter 2: Tradition in Community Design]
Koolhaas, Rem. 1978, Delirious New York: a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan, New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Urban design theories
Caetells, Manuel. 1983, The Process of Urban Social Change, in The City and the Grassroots. Edward Arnold, London. pp. 301-305.
Batchelor, Peter, and David Lewis. 1985. Urban Design in Action. Raleigh, North Carolina: NCSU Student Publication of the School of Design. [Chapter 1.]
Lang, Jon. 1994, Urban Design: The American Experience, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. [Introduction]
Alexander, Christopher, and Artemis Anninou, Hansjoachim Neis. 1987. A New Theory of Urban Design. New York: Oxford University Press.
Trancik, Roger. 1986. Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
3. History of urban form
Blumenfeld, Hans. 1967. The Modern Metropolis: Its Origins, Growth, Characteristics, and Planning. Ed. by Paul D. Spreiregen. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press. [Chapter I.]
Kostof, Spiro. 1991. The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History. Boston, Toronto, London: A Bulfinch Press Book. [Introduction]
Morris, A.E.J. 1972. History of Urban Form - Prehistory to the Renaissance. London: George Godwin Ltd.
4. Architectural typology and urban morphology
Lozano, Eduardo E. 1990, Community Design and the Culture of Cities, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Chapter 10: Morphology]
Wu, Jin. 1993, The Historical Development of Chinese Urban Morphology, in Planning Perspectives, 8, pp. 20-52.
Rossi, Aldo. 1966/1982. The Architecture of the City. Trans. Diane Ghirardo and Joan Ockman. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press.
King, Anthony D. 1994, Terminologies and Types: Making Sense of Some Types of Dwellings and Cities, in Karen A. Franck and Lynda H. Schneekloth ed. Ordering Space: Types in Architecture and Design, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. Chapter 7.
Krier, Rob. 1979, Typological and Morphological Elements of the Concept of Urban Space, in Urban Space. New York: Rizzoli.
Lawrence, Roderick J. 1994, Type as Analytical Tool: Reinterpretation and Application, in Karen A. Franck and Lynda H. Schneekloth ed. Ordering Space: Types in Architecture and Design, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. Chapter 15.
5. Urban conservation and historical preservation
Appleyard, Donald. 1979. ed. The Conservation of European Cities, Boston: The MIT Press. [Introduction]
Brolin, Brent C. 1980, Architecture in Context: Fitting New Buildings with Old, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. [Conclusion and Appendix A]
National Trust for Historic Preservation. 1980, Old and New Architecture: Design Relationship, Washington D.C.: The Preservation Press. [Part III (Relating Old and New Architecture: Four Approaches) and Part IV: (Regulating Relationships through Design Review)]
Fitch, James Marston. 1998. Historical Preservation –Curatorial Management of the Built World, Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia. [Chapter 3,4,5,6,8,9,15,16]
6. Behavior studies in urban design
Goldsteen Joel B. & Cecil D. Elliott. 1994, Designing America: Creating Urban Identity, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. [Chapter 4(Reacting to Spaces – the Psychology of Perception and Behavior)]
Brill Michael, 1989, Transformation, Nostalgia, and Illusion in Public Life and Public Place, in Irwin Altman and Ervin H. Zube ed. Public Places and Spaces, N.Y. and London: Plenum Press. [Chapter 1.]
Nasar, Jack C. 1989, Perception, Cognition, and Evaluation of Urban Places, in Irwin Altman and Ervin H. Zube ed. Public Places and Spaces, N.Y. and London: Plenum Press. [Chapter 2.]
Lang, Jon. 1994, Urban Design: The American Experience, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. [Chapter 9.]
7. New towns, new urbanism, eco-city, and landscape urbanism
*Broadbent, Geoffrey, 1990, ‘Chapter 8: Neo-Rationalists,’ from Emerging Concepts in Urban Space Design, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
*Christensen, Carol A. 1986, ‘Chapter 8: New Towns as Social Movement,’ from The American Garden City and the New Towns Movement, Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press.
*Bressi, Todd W., 1993, ‘Planning the American Dream,’ from The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community, ed. Katz, Peter and Vincent, Jr. Scully, McGraw-Hill Inc.
*Harvey, David. 1997, ‘The New Urbanism and the Communitarian Trap’ from Harvard Design Magazine, Winter/Spring, Number 1.
Hester Jr., Randolph T. 1990, The Sacred Structure in Small Towns: A Return to Manteo, North Carolina, from Small Town, Jan.-Feb. pp. 4-22.
Calthorpe, Peter. 1993, The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press. [Guidelines.]
*Lang, Jon. 1994, ‘Meeting the Needs of the Biogenic Environment,’ from Urban Design: The American Experience, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
*Spirn, Anne Whiston. 1985, ‘Part III: Earth’ & ‘Part IV: Water,’ form The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design, N.Y.: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers.
*Newman, Peter, and John Kenworthy, 1999, ‘Summary and Conclusions,’ from Sustainability and Cities, Washington D.C.: Island Press.
*Hall, Peter, 2003, ‘Smart Growth on two Continents,’ from Urban Villages and the Making of Communities ed. by Peter Neal, London and New York: Spon Press.
Neal, Peter, 2003, ‘An Urban Village Primer,’ from Urban Villages and the Making of Communities ed. by Peter Neal, London and New York: Spon Press.
Van der Ryan, Sim, and Stuart Cowan, 1995, ‘An Introduction to Ecological Design,’ from Ecological Design, Washington D. C.: Island Press.
Solari, Paolo, 1969, ‘Arcology: the City in the Image of Man’ and ‘The Characteristics of Arcology,’ from Arcology: the City in the Image of Man, Boston: MIT Press.
Hough, Michael. 2004, Cities and Natural Process: a Basis for Sustainability, 2nd edition, New York: Routledge.
8. City life, heterogeneity, urban landscapes of everyday-life, informal urbanism
*Simmel, Georg, 1903, ‘The Metropolis and Mental Life,’ from Rethinking Architecture ed. by Neil Leach, London: Routledge.
*Jacobs, Jane, 1992 (renewed from the 1961 version), ‘the Peculiar Nature of Cities’ and ‘The Conditions for City Diversity,’ from The Death and Life of Great American Cities, New York: Vintage Books.（中文譯本：偉大城市的誕生與死亡，吳鄭重譯，聯經出版）
*Rowe, Peter, 1997, ‘Individual Spaces and Collective Places,’ from Civic Realism, London, England and Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press.
*Oldenburg, Ray, 1999, ‘The Characters of Third Places,’ from The Great Good Places, New York: Marlowe & Company.
Ellin, Nan, 1996, ‘Themes of Postmodern Urbanism,’ from Postmodern Urbanism, Oxford, UK & Cambridge, USA: Blackwell.
De Certeau, Michel. 1984, The Practice of Everyday Life, translated by Steven Rendall, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Koolhaas, Rem. 1994, “The Generic City,” from Small, Medium, Large, Extra-Large by Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau, edited by Jennifer Sigler, Rotterdam: 010 Publishers.
*Clay, Grady, 1994, ‘The Center, the Front, & Out There,’ from Real Places: An Unconventional Guide to America’s Generic Landscapes, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
*Crawford, Margaret, 2008, ‘Introduction and Preface: The Current State of Everyday Urbanism,’ from Everyday Urbanism, New York: The Monacelli Press.
*Jacobs, Steven. 2002, “Shreds of Boring Postcards: Towards a Posturban Aesthetics of the Generic and the Everyday,” from Post, Ex, Sub, Dis: Urban Fragmentations and Constructions, edited by the Ghent Urban Studies Team, Rotterdam: 010 Publishers.
*Sassen, Saskia. 2005, “Fragmented Urban Topographies and Their Underlying Interconnections,” from Informal City: Caracas Case by Alfredo Brillembourg, Kristin Feireiss, and Hubert Klumpner, Munich, Berlin, London, New York: Prestel Verlag.
*Wright, Gwendolyn. 2005, “Informal Cities, Multiple Realities,” from Informal City: Caracas Case by Alfredo Brillembourg, Kristin Feireiss, and Hubert Klumpner, Munich, Berlin, London, New York: Prestel Verlag.
Walljapser, Jay, and Project for Public Places. 2007, The Great Neighborhood Book: a Do-It-Yourself Guide to Placemaking, New Society Press.
Columbia University Urban Design Program. 2005, New Urbanism 6: Caracas Litoral, Venezuela, edited by Richard Plunz, Michael Conard, Mojdeh Baratloo, Ignacio Lamar, Eric Brewer, New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
9. Urban design processes and politics
Castells, Manuel. 1983, The Process of Urban Social Change, in The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movement. London: Edward Arnold.
*Lang, Jon. 1994, Urban Design: The American Experience, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. [Chapter 24.]
*Carmona, Matthew, Tim Heath, Taner Oc and Steven Tiesdell. 2003, Implementing Urban Design, in Public Places - Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design, Oxford: Architectural Press.
*Barnett, Jonathan. 1974, Urban Design as Public Policy: Practical Methods for Improving Cities, New York: Architectural Record Books.（可閱讀尚林出版社中譯本，含同作者所著之都市設計概論–An Introduction to Urban Design創興出版社譯本）
*林欽榮. 1995, 都市設計在台灣, 台北：創興出版社. [搭配閱讀：林欽榮. 2006, 城市空間治理的創新策略(三個台灣首都城市案例評析：台北．新竹．高雄), 台北：新自然主義.]
Sorkin, Michael. 1993. Local Code: The Constitution of a City at 420 N Latitude. Princeton Architectural Press.
Seattle Planning Department. 1994, The Mayor’s Recommended Comprehensive Plan.
*Deutsche, Rosalyn. 1996, Tilted Arc and the Uses of Democracy in R. Deutsche ed. Evictions: Art and Spatial Politics, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
*Bondi, Liz. 1992, Gender Symbols and Urban Landscapes, in Progress in Human Geography, 16(2), pp. 157-70.
*Hayden, Dolores. 1985, What Would a Non-Sexist City Be Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work, Ekistics, 52(310), pp. 99-107.
*Smith, Harry. 2005, Place Identity and Participation, in Place Identity, Participation and Planning, ed. Cliff Hague and Paul Jenkins, London and New York: Routledge.
10. Design of urban public spaces + landscape urbanism
*Madanipour, A. 1999, Why are the Design and Development of Public Spaces Significant for Cities? In Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26(6).
*Rudin, Barbara. 1979, Aesthetic Ideology and Urban Design, in Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 69(3).
*Carmona, Matthew, Tim Heath, Taner Oc and Steven Tiesdell. 2003, The Visual Dimension & the Temporal Dimension, in Public Places - Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design, Oxford: Architectural Press.
*Moore, Robin C. 1991, Streets as Playground, in Public Streets for Public Use ed. Anne Vernez Moudon, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
*Jacobs, Allan B. 1993, Great Streets, (Introduction, Chapter 1, 2, 3) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lynch, Kevin. 1984, A Theory of Good City Form, in Good City Form, Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press.
*Frampton, Kenneth. 1983, Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance, in The Anti-Aesthtic: Essays on Postmodern Culture, ed. Hal Foster. Port Townsend, Washington: Bay Press.
*Smith, Peter Cookson, 2006, The Urban Design of Impermanence: Streets, Places, and Spaces in Hong Kong. MCCM Creations.
*Corner, James. 2006, Terra Fluxus, in The Landscape Urbanism Reader, ed. Charles Waldheim, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press.
*Waldheim, Charles, 2006, Landscape as Urbanism, in The Landscape Urbanism Reader, ed. Charles Waldheim, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press.
*Shane, Grahame, 2006, The Emergence of Landscape Urbanism, in The Landscape Urbanism Reader, ed. Charles Waldheim, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press.
Dean, Almy. 2007, Center 14, On Landscape Urbanism, Austin, Texas: Center for American Architecture and Design. |
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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週次 |
日期 |
單元主題 |
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第1週 |
2/21 |
Discourses about urban design profession and education 「都市設計專業」緣起及其存在必要性之爭辯 |
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第2週 |
2/28 |
Urban design theories and philosophy behind urban design theories都市設計者需要瞭解的知識 ─ 一個跨領域的理論架構 |
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第3週 |
3/07 |
History and paradigms of urban form 都市形式史及都市範型 |
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第4週 |
3/14 |
Architectural typology and urban morphology建築類型學與都市型態學 |
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第5週 |
3/21 |
Urban conservation and historical preservation都市保育/歷史保存/歷史街區再造的機制與工具 |
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第6週 |
3/28 |
New towns and “new urbanism”新市鎮開發與新都市主義 |
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第7週 |
4/04 |
Urban design vs. town planning ─ ‘garden city’ revisited 城鄉風貌、地域風格、與社會理想 ─ 重返花園城市 |
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第8週 |
4/11 |
Landscape of everyday life and community planning（practice of everyday life） vs. informal urbanism/compact urbanism都市生活地景的維繫與再造 ─ 生活場景作為都市設計與社區規劃的環節，非正式與密集都市主義 |
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第9週 |
4/18 |
Design for urban public spaces由都市設計（價值觀與美學）看街道/公共空間景觀設計與營造 |
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第10週 |
4/25 |
Environmental aesthetics and public arts都市情境中的環境美學與公共藝術 |
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第11週 |
5/02 |
Landscape Urbanism 地景都市主義 |
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第12週 |
5/09 |
Cities and ecology以都市設計工具經營「生態城市」的理念 |
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第13週 |
5/16 |
Behavior studies in urban design強調空間行為研究的都市設計方法 |
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第14週 |
5/23 |
The functional city都市設計作為都市功能的支持系統 |
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第15週 |
5/30 |
Urban design processes and the temporal dimension of urban form making強調都市開發/保育協商過程與實務行政程序的都市設計觀 |
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第16週 |
6/06 |
Urban design guidelines私人開發及公部門管制 ─ 都市設計審議制度之管制準則及獎勵條例 |
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第17週 |
6/13 |
Narrative dimension of urban design都市設計中的敘事景深 |
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